Compelling evidence shows that the atherosclerotic process (buildup of fatty plaque in arteries) begins in childhood and progresses slowly into adulthood. Then it often leads to coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States.Despite substantial success in reducing deaths from coronary heart disease in the past two decades, this disease is still responsible for over 450,000 deaths a year in the United States. Over 43 percent of the people discharged from hospitals for coronary heart disease are under age 65. Many of these adults have children who may have coronary heart disease risk factors that need attention.
Evidence shows that:
Evidence shows that:
- Atherosclerosis or its precursors begin in young people.
- Elevated cholesterol levels early in life may play a role in the development of adult atherosclerosis.
- Eating patterns and genetics affect blood cholesterol levels and coronary heart disease risk.
- Lowering levels in children and adolescents may be beneficial.
- Cigarette smoking should be discouraged.
- Regular aerobic exercise should be encouraged.
- High blood pressure should be identified and treated.
Overweight should be avoided or reduced.
Diabetes mellitus should be diagnosed and treated.
Cholesterol levels in children and adolescents 2–19 years oldTotal cholesterol (mg/dL)Acceptable — less than 170Borderline — 170–199High — 200 or greater
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)Acceptable — less than 110Borderline — 110–129High — 130 or greater
The American Heart Association endorses these guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Expert Panel on Blood Cholesterol in Children and Adolescents. Adopted from http://www.americanheart.org/
